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        <h3 id="1-Node-js-简介"><a href="#1-Node-js-简介" class="headerlink" title="1. Node.js 简介"></a>1. Node.js 简介</h3><p><strong>什么是 Node.js</strong></p>
<p>简单的说 Node.js 就是运行在服务端的 JavaScript。 Node.js 是一个事件驱动 I&#x2F;O 服务端 JavaScript 环境，基于 Google 的 V8 引擎，V8 引擎执行 Javascript 的速度 非常快，性能非常好。</p>
<p><strong>Node.js 有什么用</strong></p>
<p>如果你是一个前端程序员，你不懂得像 PHP、Python 或 Ruby 等动态编程语言，然后你想创建自己的服务，那么 Node.js 是一个非常好的选择。 Node.js 是运行在服务端的 JavaScript，如果你熟悉 Javascript，那么你将会很容易的学会 Node.js。 当然，如果你是后端程序员，想部署一些高性能的服务，那么学习 Node.js 也是一个非常好的选择。</p>
<h3 id="2-NPM-简介"><a href="#2-NPM-简介" class="headerlink" title="2. NPM 简介"></a>2. NPM 简介</h3><p><strong>什么是 NPM</strong></p>
<p>NPM 全称 Node Package Manager，是 Node.js 包管理工具，是全球最大的模块生态系统，里面所有的模块都是开源免费的，也是 Node.js 的包管理工具，相当于前端的 Maven。</p>
<p><strong>npm 工具的安装位置</strong></p>
<p>我们通过 npm 可以很方便地下载 js 库，管理前端工程。 </p>
<p>Node.js 默认安装的 npm 包和工具的位置：Node.js目录\node_modules </p>
<p>在这个目录下可以看见 npm目录，npm 本身就是被 NPM 包管理器管理的一个工具，说明 Node.js 已经集成了npm 工具</p>
<span id="more"></span>

<h4 id="2-1-使用-npm-管理项目"><a href="#2-1-使用-npm-管理项目" class="headerlink" title="2.1 使用 npm 管理项目"></a>2.1 使用 npm 管理项目</h4><ol>
<li><p>创建文件夹 npm_demo</p>
</li>
<li><p>项目初始化</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta"># </span><span class="language-bash"> 建立一个空文件夹，在命令提示符进入该文件夹 执行命令初始化</span> </span><br><span class="line">npm init </span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta"># </span><span class="language-bash">按照提示输入相关信息，如果是用默认值则直接回车即可。 <span class="comment"># name: 项目名称</span></span> </span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta"># </span><span class="language-bash">version: 项目版本号</span> </span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta"># </span><span class="language-bash">description: 项目描述</span> </span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta"># </span><span class="language-bash">keywords: &#123;Array&#125;关键词，便于用户搜索到我们的项目</span> </span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta"># </span><span class="language-bash">最后会生成package.json文件，这个是包的配置文件，相当于maven的pom.xml</span> </span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta"># </span><span class="language-bash">我们之后也可以根据需要进行修改。</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta"># </span><span class="language-bash">如果想直接生成 package.json 文件，那么可以使用命令</span> </span><br><span class="line">npm init -y</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ol>
<h4 id="2-2-修改-npm-镜像"><a href="#2-2-修改-npm-镜像" class="headerlink" title="2.2 修改 npm 镜像"></a>2.2 修改 npm 镜像</h4><p>NPM 官方的管理的包都是从 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://npmjs.com下载的,但是这个网站在国内速度很慢./">http://npmjs.com下载的，但是这个网站在国内速度很慢。</a> </p>
<p>这里推荐使用淘宝 NPM 镜像 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://npm.taobao.org/">http://npm.taobao.org/</a> ，淘宝 NPM 镜像是一个完整 npmjs.com 镜像， 同步频率目前为 10分钟一次，以保证尽量与官方服务同步。</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta"># </span><span class="language-bash">经过下面的配置，以后所有的 npm install 都会经过淘宝的镜像地址下载</span> </span><br><span class="line">npm config set registry https://registry.npm.taobao.org </span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta"># </span><span class="language-bash">查看npm配置信息</span> </span><br><span class="line">npm config list</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h4 id="2-3-npm-install-命令"><a href="#2-3-npm-install-命令" class="headerlink" title="2.3 npm install 命令"></a>2.3 npm install 命令</h4><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta"># </span><span class="language-bash">使用 npm install 安装依赖包的最新版</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta"># </span><span class="language-bash">模块安装的位置：项目目录\node_modules</span> </span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta"># </span><span class="language-bash">安装会自动在项目目录下添加 package-lock.json 文件，这个文件帮助锁定安装包的版本</span> </span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta"># </span><span class="language-bash">同时package.json 文件中，依赖包会被添加到dependencies节点下，类似maven中的 &lt;dependencies&gt;</span> </span><br><span class="line">npm install jquery </span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta"># </span><span class="language-bash">npm管理的项目在备份和传输的时候一般不携带node_modules文件夹</span> </span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta"># </span><span class="language-bash">根据package.json中的配置下载依赖，初始化项目</span></span><br><span class="line">npm install  </span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta"># </span><span class="language-bash">如果安装时想指定特定的版本</span> </span><br><span class="line">npm install jquery@2.1.x </span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta"># </span><span class="language-bash">devDependencies节点：开发时的依赖包，项目打包到生产环境的时候不包含的依赖</span> </span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta"># </span><span class="language-bash">使用 -D 参数将依赖添加到devDependencies节点</span> </span><br><span class="line">npm install --save-dev eslint </span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta"># </span><span class="language-bash">或</span> </span><br><span class="line">npm install -D eslint </span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta"># </span><span class="language-bash">全局安装</span> </span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta"># </span><span class="language-bash">一些命令行工具常使用全局安装的方式</span> </span><br><span class="line">npm install -g webpack</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h4 id="2-4-其他命令"><a href="#2-4-其他命令" class="headerlink" title="2.4 其他命令"></a>2.4 其他命令</h4><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta"># </span><span class="language-bash">更新包（更新到最新版本）</span> </span><br><span class="line">npm update 包名 </span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta"># </span><span class="language-bash">全局更新</span> </span><br><span class="line">npm update -g 包名 </span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta"># </span><span class="language-bash">卸载包</span> </span><br><span class="line">npm uninstall 包名 </span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta"># </span><span class="language-bash">全局卸载</span> </span><br><span class="line">npm uninstall -g 包名</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="3-Babel-转码器"><a href="#3-Babel-转码器" class="headerlink" title="3. Babel 转码器"></a>3. Babel 转码器</h3><h4 id="3-1-简介"><a href="#3-1-简介" class="headerlink" title="3.1 简介"></a>3.1 简介</h4><p>Babel 是一个广泛使用的转码器，可以将 ES6 代码转为 ES5 代码，从而在现有环境执行执行。 这意味着，你可以现在就用 ES6 编写程序，而不用担心现有环境是否支持。</p>
<h4 id="3-2-安装"><a href="#3-2-安装" class="headerlink" title="3.2 安装"></a>3.2 安装</h4><ol>
<li><p>安装 babel 工具</p>
<p>Babel 提供 babel-cli 工具，用于命令行转码。它的安装命令如下：</p>
 <figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">npm install --global babel-cli</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#</span><span class="language-bash">查看是否安装成功</span> </span><br><span class="line">babel --version</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>创建 js 文件，使用 es6</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 转码前 </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 定义数据</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> input = [<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">3</span>]</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 将数组的每个元素 +1 </span></span><br><span class="line">input = input.<span class="title function_">map</span>(<span class="function"><span class="params">item</span> =&gt;</span> item + <span class="number">1</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(input)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>创建 babel 配置文件</p>
<figure class="highlight json"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="punctuation">&#123;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">&quot;presets&quot;</span><span class="punctuation">:</span> <span class="punctuation">[</span><span class="string">&quot;es2015&quot;</span><span class="punctuation">]</span><span class="punctuation">,</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">&quot;plugins&quot;</span><span class="punctuation">:</span> <span class="punctuation">[</span><span class="punctuation">]</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="punctuation">&#125;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>安装 es2015 转码器</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">npm install --save-dev babel-preset-es2015</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>转码</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta"># </span><span class="language-bash">转码结果写入一个文件</span> </span><br><span class="line">mkdir dist1 </span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta"># </span><span class="language-bash">--out-file 或 -o 参数指定输出文件</span></span><br><span class="line">babel es6/example.js --out-file dist/compiled.js # 或者</span><br><span class="line">babel es6/example.js -o dist/compiled.js</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta"># </span><span class="language-bash">整个目录转码</span> </span><br><span class="line">mkdir dist </span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta"># </span><span class="language-bash">--out-dir 或 -d 参数指定输出目录</span> </span><br><span class="line">babel es6 --out-dir dist </span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta"># </span><span class="language-bash">或者</span></span><br><span class="line">babel es6 -d dist</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
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